Искусство - скачать книги или читать онлайн. Страница 539

Marc Chagall was born into a strict Jewish family for whom the ban on representations of the human figure had the weight of dogma. A failure in the entrance examination for the Stieglitz School did not stop Chagall from later joining that famous school founded by the Imperial Society for the Encouragement of the Arts and directed by Nicholas Roerich. Chagall moved to Paris in 1910. The city was his “second Vitebsk”. At first, isolated in the little room on the Impasse du Maine at La Ruche, Chagall soon found numerous compatriots also attracted by the prestige of Paris: Lipchitz, Zadkine, Archipenko and Soutine, all of whom were to maintain the “smell” of his native land. From his very arrival Chagall wanted to “discover everything”. And to his dazzled eyes painting did indeed reveal itself. Even the most attentive and partial observer is at times unable to distinguish the “Parisian”, Chagall from the “Vitebskian”. The artist was not full of contradictions, nor was he a split personality, but he always remained different; he looked around and within himself and at the surrounding world, and he used his present thoughts and recollections. He had an utterly poetical mode of thought that enabled him to pursue such a complex course. Chagall was endowed with a sort of stylistic immunity: he enriched himself without destroying anything of his own inner structure. Admiring the works of others he studied them ingenuously, ridding himself of his youthful awkwardness, yet never losing his authenticity for a moment.

Egon Schiele’s work is so distinctive that it resists categorisation. Admitted to the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts at just sixteen, he was an extraordinarily precocious artist, whose consummate skill in the manipulation of line, above all, lent a taut expressivity to all his work. Profoundly convinced of his own significance as an artist, Schiele achieved more in his abruptly curtailed youth than many other artists achieved in a full lifetime. His roots were in the Jugendstil of the Viennese Secession movement. Like a whole generation, he came under the overwhelming influence of Vienna’s most charismatic and celebrated artist, Gustav Klimt. In turn, Klimt recognised Schiele’s outstanding talent and supported the young artist, who within just a couple of years, was already breaking away from his mentor’s decorative sensuality. Beginning with an intense period of creativity around 1910, Schiele embarked on an unflinching exposé of the human form – not the least his own – so penetrating that it is clear he was examining an anatomy more psychological, spiritual and emotional than physical. He painted many townscapes, landscapes, formal portraits and allegorical subjects, but it was his extremely candid works on paper, which are sometimes overtly erotic, together with his penchant for using under-age models that made Schiele vulnerable to censorious morality. In 1912, he was imprisoned on suspicion of a series of offences including kidnapping, rape and public immorality. The most serious charges (all but that of public immorality) were dropped, but Schiele spent around three despairing weeks in prison. Expressionist circles in Germany gave a lukewarm reception to Schiele’s work. His compatriot, Kokoschka, fared much better there. While he admired the Munich artists of Der Blaue Reiter, for example, they rebuffed him. Later, during the First World War, his work became better known and in 1916 he was featured in an issue of the left-wing, Berlin-based Expressionist magazine Die Aktion. Schiele was an acquired taste. From an early stage he was regarded as a genius. This won him the support of a small group of long-suffering collectors and admirers but, nonetheless, for several years of his life his finances were precarious. He was often in debt and sometimes he was forced to use cheap materials, painting on brown wrapping paper or cardboard instead of artists’ paper or canvas. It was only in 1918 that he enjoyed his first substantial public success in Vienna. Tragically, a short time later, he and his wife Edith were struck down by the massive influenza epidemic of 1918 that had just killed Klimt and millions of other victims, and they died within days of one another. Schiele was just twenty-eight years old.

Sargent was born in Florence, in 1856, the son of cultivated parents. When Sargent entered the school of Carolus-Duran he attained much more than the average pupils. His father was a retired Massachusetts gentleman, having practised medicine in Philadelphia. Sargent’s home life was penetrated with refinement, and outside it were the beautiful influences of Florence, combining the charms of sky and hills with the wonders of art in the galleries and the opportunities of an intellectual and artistic society. Accordingly, when Sargent arrived in Paris, he was not only a skilful draughtsman and painter as a result of his study of the Italian masters, but he also had a refined and cultivated taste, which perhaps had an even greater influence upon his career. Later in Spain, it was chiefly upon the lessons learned from Velázquez that he found his own brilliant method.

Читатель, в твоих руках труд, с помощью которого можно лучше ознакомиться с творчеством Джека Лондона, если нет возможности прочитать всё им написанное. Также данный труд рекомендуется тем, кто желает читать, но не знает, что лучше выбрать из богатого наследия писателя.

Эта книга – дань памяти яркой, талантливой актрисе – Марине Голуб. О ней рассказывают ее друзья, коллеги по театру, кино, телевидению: Олег Табаков, Деклан Доннеллан, Кирилл Серебренников, Павел Лунгин, Павел Чухрай, Евгений Миронов и многие из тех, с кем её сводила жизнь.

Леонардо да Винчи – это гений-универсал, ученый, инженер, архитектор, талантливый художник. Как он смог преуспеть во всем сразу? В этой книге не только история этого неординарного человека и его эпохи, но и секреты успеха. Как знать, может, и в вас дремлет гений, которого нужно лишь вдохновить!

«Под „зеленым шатром“» представляет комментарии к бестселлеру Л. Е. Улицкой «Зеленый шатер». Цель комментария – раскрытие главной мысли романа: «То, что придает смысл жизни, придает смысл смерти» (Сент Экзюпери). Интерактивное общение с автором ведет читателей в сокровенные глубины авторских чувств, мыслей и выражающих их слов «о времени и о себе». Это нелегкое, но увлекательное путешествие обратно к нам, по словам Л. Е. Улицкой, «таким, какими мы были задуманы.» В добрый путь, дорогие читатели.

Сценарий для лучшей российской комедии, ставшей безоговорочным лауреатом «Кинотавра», был написан еще пять лет назад. Подготовка к съемкам заняла почти два года. Сами съемки – чуть больше месяца. Продюсер «Хорошего мальчика» Василий Соловьев спрессовал эти годы, месяцы, дни и часы в 40 драйвовых историй о том, что это такое – быть продюсером.